Swartbmore Xecture.

revolutionary in opposing the inherited monarch icalpower. Calvinist preachers were already in seven-teenth century Boston invoking rebellion withthe words : " Resistance to Tyrants is obedienceto God ." But their goal was anything but ademocratic republic ; it was rather an aristocraticpredominance, first of the Elect, and later when thereligious fundamentals became secularised, of the" Gentlemen," the captains of industry, the money-magnates. This lineage has become a truism bythe brilliant work of historic research done by menlike Professor Max Weber and Professor R. H.Tawney .

It was owing to this aristocratic strain of Cal-vinism that the " fathers " of the American con-stitution were filled with such deep distrust ofdemocracy. They were prompted to strive after a" representative republic " with reciprocal vetoby President and Senate and with well adjustedregulations to protect it against the decisions of ademocratic majority.

Modern theology has revived Calvinism inGermany, where Karl Barth and his disciples areexpounding God as " the wholly other," Jesus asHim who was " to the Jews a stumbling block andto the Greeks foolishness." The whole of humanexistence, its heights and its depths alike, stands" condemned." A St. Francis and a Caesar Borgia, Bach's St. Matthew's Passion and a street brawlare equally far removed from God. The outcomeof this doctrine in terms of politics and economicsis the renunciation by religion of any endeavour topermeate the world by its spirit, bankruptcy in