142 THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE PEACE ch.

civilians in occupied or invaded territory; Paragraph8, for forced labour exacted by the enemy fromcivilians ; Paragraph 9, for damage done to property" with the exception of naval and military works ormaterials' 1 as a direct consequence of hostilities ; andParagraph 10, for fines and levies imposed by theenemy upon the civilian population. All thesedemands are just and in conformity with the Allies'rights.

Paragraph 4, which claims for " damage causedby any kind of maltreatment of prisoners of war/' ismore doubtful on the strict letter, but may bejustifiable under the Hague Convention and involvesa very small sum.

In Paragraphs 5, 6, and 7, however, an issue ofimmensely greater significance is involved. Theseparagraphs assert a claim for the amount of theSeparation and similar Allowances granted duringthe war by the Allied Governments to the familiesof mobilised persons, and for the amount of thepensions and compensations in respect of the injuryor death of combatants payable by these Governmentsnow and hereafter. Financially this adds to the Bill,as we shall see below, a very large amount, indeedabout twice as much again as all the other claimsadded together.

The reader will readily apprehend w T hat a plausiblecase can be made out for the inclusion of these itemsof damage, if only on sentimental grounds. It can