no
person. In Silesia (Ion), on account of the lower standard ofweekly earnings, it has keen found more economical to confinea weaver to one loom.
In order to bring the degree of labour-saving which lias beenattained in England before the eyes of the reader, let us visitone of the weaving-sheds in North Lancashire . It contains 602looms for plain printing calicoes. The looms are arranged on aflagged ground floor, with light from above. This is at the presenttime the usual arrangement in England for weaving, becausethereby the vibration, and therewith the wear and tear of themachinery, as well as the number of ends breaking, is the least(16). The remaining rooms attached to this light and roomyweaving-shed are small, and are built with the utmost regard toeconomy. There are the following operatives : —
16 Females at winding machines, at .. .. 18/- per week, piece-work
2 Operatives for beaming, at .. .. .. 38/- ,, ,, .
1 ,, for sizing (for the coarser and^ ^ ^
180 Weavers and tenters, mostly females, includ-1
ing six-loom weavers, at .. J ' I J ’’ "
These pay the tenters .. .. .. .. G/fi ., day-work
3 Labourers, at .. .. .. 22 ’-. 18/-. 14/- ,,
4 Youths, at .. .. .. .. .. 10/- ., .,
In addition :—
1 Clerk .38/- ., .,
1 Labourer .. .. .. .. .. .. 18/- ,, ,,
225 operatives, all told, or per operative, including all preparation. 2-7 looms.
15a. “ Protokolle der Enquete.” p. 410. Compare also p. 180.
16. Compare B. Shaw: “The Cotton Manufacture of Lancashire”;
“ Commercial Relations of the United States,” No. 12 (Washington, 1881),p. 129. In America this method of building is impossible, owing to heavysnowfalls in winter—also another climatic advantage of England. Comparethe same, No. 23 (Sept., 1882), p. 42.
17. The difference between dressing and sizing is that in the first case thewarp is spread out thread by thread; in the second it is subjected to thestrengthening ingredients in the form of a small coil. Compare Karmarsch,II. ,883. In tlie case before us, partly one system and partly the other wasused.
white yarns), at .. .. | ;
5 ,, for dressing (for coloured and finer (
yarns (17), at .. .. J
5 Females for drawing-in warps, from .. 35/- to 16/-
• i
piece-work
Four-loom weavers, at ..
piece-work
6 Overlookers, at ..
[These latter receive 1/4 for every pound 'whichthe weavers under them earn. ]
Then, in the warehouse :—
1 Cloth-looker, at ..
day-work