xiii.

presence has thus clearly been pointed out.. If the latter, it willbo the duty of the investigators to so state the truths and conclu-sions to which they have been led as to dissipate the causelessfears and misconceptions now so widely entertained amongst ourindustrial classes, and more or less shared in by others in whomsuch a degree of intelligence prevails as might have been thoughtwould liavo safeguarded them from the intrusions of philosophicheresies.

Amongst the foremost of the investigators of the industrialand social problems that confront society to day is Dr. G. vonSchulze-Gaevernitz, of Freiburg i.B., whose recent work on “SocialPeace ” commanded a great deal of attention in circles capable ofappreciating it. It was patent on the face of the problem he setout to. solve, if possible, that the industrial world is in a state oftransition brought about by the introduction of mechanical appli-ances for the better performance of labour, and the consequentsupersession of the mass of handicraft workers that had pre-viously supplied the world’s requirements. It was inevitablethat in the reorganisation of the armies of labour on the newlines much friction should occur and much contention arise asto the equitable distribution of the profits of labour, owing to theshifting of the burden of the task from the man to the machine.Those points form the crux of the industrial disputes, thefrequent occurrence and repetition of which are inflicting suchenormous losses upon communities at the present time that they aredoing a great deal to destroy all the benefits that the worldrationally expects to reap from the progress that has been made.The economic principles upon which profits are distributed havebeen called in question by the leaders of the workpeople, who areinciting them to repudiate them and to demand the substitutionof others that, certainly on a first glance, do not present manycommendable features. It is into the working of the existing